![]() In this groundbreaking book, Jean Pfaelzer upends the North-South dichotomy in how we understand American slavery by looking west to California. ![]() Indian boarding schools supplied unfree child workers. Kidnapped Chinese girls, displayed in cages, served in brothels in early San Francisco. San Quentin Prison incubated California’s carceral state. ![]() Plantation slaves were marched across the plains for the Gold Rush. Russian otter hunters shipped Alaska Natives-the first slaves transported into California-and launched a Pacific slave triangle. Spanish invaders captured Indigenous people to build the chain of Catholic missions. Yet the state owes its origins to slavery. The dark and buried history of California as a slave state is seldom acknowledged. The untold history of slavery and resistance in California, from the Spanish missions, indentured Native American ranch hands, Indian boarding schools, Black miners, kidnapped Chinese prostitutes, and convict laborers to victims of modern trafficking
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